美国银行和非银金融机构全面收紧信贷。

 

华尔街日报报道。

 

（1）骂银行没良心，太容易了。你当银行的行长你怎么保护自己的银行？

 

（2）市场利率=基准利率+风格险溢价。央行减息0.5个百分点，但是商业银行把风险溢价提高3个百分点，甚至抽贷、停贷。

 

（3）中外亦然。

 

People Need Loans as Coronavirus Spreads. Lenders Are Making Them Tougher to Get.

 

As a possible recession looms, banks and fintech companies are tightening lending standards for small businesses and riskier consumers.

 

By AnnaMaria Andriotis and Peter Rudegeair.

 

Updated March 28, 2020.

 

Banks and financial-technology firms are starting to toughen their approval standards for new loans to consumers and small businesses. That means many people could find it hard to get credit just when they most need it, as the novel coronavirus pandemic puts thousands out of work.

 

Large U.S. lenders including JPMorgan Chase& Co., Bank of America Corp., Capital One Financial Corp. and Santander Consumer USA Holdings Inc. are among the companies reviewing and revising certain lending criteria, according to people familiar with the matter. Planned moves include approving fewer consumers with lower credit scores, asking for more income documentation and placing lower spending limits on new credit cards.

 

American Express Co. has scaled back financing offers to small businesses, according to people familiar with the matter. Fintech lenders Square Inc. and On Deck Capital Inc. said this week they would do the same.

 

About half a dozen lenders that have found borrowers through Fundera Inc., an online marketplace for small-business loans, have paused new extensions of credit, said Fundera CEO Jared Hecht. “Lenders have zero idea how to assess risk in this environment,” Mr. Hecht said. “There is no model that can predict today if I lend $1, will I get paid back?”

 

Lenders are concerned that rising unemployment and a potential recession will send loan defaults soaring. The moves suggest at best a pause and at worst an end to six-plus years of a bull run in credit, where financial firms have been eager to lend and underwriting standards for credit cards, auto loans and personal loans have been relatively loose.

 

Lenders are scrutinizing applications for credit cards and personal loans in particular because consumers often turn to them when they are in a bind. They are usually unsecured, which means lenders have little recourse if a borrower defaults, and they can be the first loans people stop paying when money is tight.

 

Many lenders have said they would work with existing borrowers who ask for help. Some lenders, for example, are increasing card spending limits or delaying due dates on loans.

 

But lenders are reluctant to take on additional risk from new customers.

 

“Even people who applied [for credit] in the last two weeks are more vulnerable [now] than when they applied,” said Brian Riley, director of credit advisory services at Mercator Advisory Group.

 

Loan solicitations by email have dropped for both credit cards and personal loans, according to market-research firm Competiscan. AmEx, Bank of America and JPMorgan have sent almost no card solicitations in more than a week.

 

Lenders are concerned that rising unemployment will worsen loan defaults.

 

The changes could be most painful for low-wage workers such as wait staff and hotel employees uncertain when their next paycheck will arrive. Some lenders say they have noticed consumers applying for credit at several financial institutions at around the same time, a sign that consumers are reaching for credit lifelines while they can still get them.

 

To make matters worse, many Americans were already overstretched before the pandemic, tapping credit cards, auto loans and student loans as costs soared over the past decade but incomes largely failed to keep pace.

 

LendingClub Corp., an online lender that is one of the largest providers of personal loans, said last week it would approve fewer loans from first-time applicants, require more verification of income and employment status and reduce approval rates to “higher-risk borrower populations.”

 

“Like many other businesses during this period, we are focused on retaining our best customers,” the company said in a regulatory filing this month.

 

Small-business lenders also are getting stingier with credit. On Deck recently stopped making new loans to movie theaters, hotels and nightclubs. It also made other changes to “significantly tighten underwriting standards,” the company said in a regulatory filing Monday.

 

Last week, On Deck informed LD3 Inc., an auto-transport business in Berthoud, Colo., that its $35,000 line of credit with a 24.9% annual percentage rate had been suspended, said co-owner Debbie Coyle. LD3 had drawn on that line intermittently since 2017, letting On Deck recoup what it was owed from LD3’s checking account every week, and had paid off all outstanding balances by early February.

 

LD3 Inc., an auto-transport business in Berthoud, Colo., is weighing its options after On Deck put its credit line on hold.

 

On Deck asked LD3 on March 20 to submit three months of bank statements and a screenshot of its business transactions over the previous few weeks if it wanted On Deck to consider reopening the credit line, according to emails reviewed by The Wall Street Journal. On Deck told LD3 it had chosen to “mitigate risk exposure” to businesses that had little or no activity on their credit lines in the previous 30 days.

 

“The thing that’s frustrating to me is the lack of support of small businesses that are hurting right now,” said Ms. Coyle, 55. “The whole point of having a credit line is to be able to use it when you need it.”

 

Ms. Coyle hasn’t submitted the extra documents to On Deck and said LD3 is weighing other options. Until the effects of the coronavirus on its business were clearer and the company had a better idea how the federal government would be aiding small businesses, LD3 didn’t want to explore additional loans or lenders.

 

On Deck said it placed a “temporary hold” on LD3’s credit line “in accordance with our disaster management procedures.” “By submitting updated financial information, this hold can be removed, and we have discussed this with the customer who indicated they have no need for additional credit at this time,” it said.

 

Square Capital, the lending arm of the payments processor run by Jack Dorsey, made loan offers to some small-business customers earlier this month but then didn’t fund them when customers tried to activate them in recent days.

 

A Square Capital spokeswoman said loan offers are expiring sooner in light of more recent data the lender gleans from processing customers’ payments.

 

At AmEx, many salespeople tasked with calling small businesses to offer cards have been told to stand down, according to people familiar with the matter. The company also has reduced its number of loan offers to small businesses.

 

Lenders that make loans to subprime borrowers are particularly tightening standards. Capital One and Santander Consumer are lowering approval rates for applicants who have only the minimum required credit score or close to it, according to people familiar with the matter.

 

Santander Consumer also is tweaking auto-lending standards to lend less money in relation to a car’s value—which means some borrowers will have to make larger down payments. Some Capital One applicants with low credit scores who do get approved will receive lower spending limits than they would have before the pandemic, some of the people said.

 

Synchrony Financial, which specializes in store credit cards, is also tweaking underwriting standards for new card applicants, according to people familiar with the matter.

 

Some lenders also are discussing whether they should lower spending limits on cards that consumers haven’t used in a long time. They worry that consumers will pull out cards they have abandoned in drawers and use them to to buy items they otherwise can’t afford.

 

作者：张化桥

链接：https://xueqiu.com/4035610190/145467733

来源：雪球

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