苏联人败走。美国人也将败走。

今天NYT长文解读为什么美国的炮火也输在阿富汗。三个原因：

（1）美国人是侵略者。轰炸的死伤无数。

（2）美国扶持的阿富汗政府没有占领道义高地，高官的家人都在国外享乐，而塔利班的首领把自己的儿子送上前线，死在自杀炸弹之下。

（3）灵活机动、联产承包责任制。分散招聘、分散作战、战利品自得。

Taliban recruitment officials and commanders say they don’t pay regular salaries. Instead, they cover the expenses of the fighters. What has helped in recent years was giving their commanders a freer hand in how they used their local resources — and war booty.

Instances of U.S. or Afghan forces causing civilian casualties, whether real cases or made up, are splashed across social media in conjunction with Taliban training videos of their fighters jumping through fiery rings and drilling with their weapons. The message has been consistent: To join us is to take up a life of heroism and sacrifice.

They had powerful symbols to draw on: They were fighting for a supreme leader, Mawlawi Haibatullah Akhundzada, who sent his own son as a suicide bomber for the cause, against a government propped up by an invading military and led by officials who often keep their families abroad.

After their deal with the Americans, the Taliban’s propaganda has only intensified, and has taken on an ominously triumphal note. In his annual message for the Eid al-Fitr holiday, released last Wednesday, the Taliban’s supreme leader issued a promise of amnesty for enemies who renounced their loyalty to the Afghan government.